Drone Licence Australia 2026: AusSORA Explained , The New Rules for Complex Drone Operations and BVLOS

Short direct answer: AusSORA is CASA’s Australian adaptation of the JARUS SORA 2.5 risk-assessment framework. From 13 April 2026, new SORA-based applications for BVLOS and other complex drone operations must use AusSORA instead of the earlier TMI 2024-03 pathway.

Meta description: Drone licence Australia rules changed in 2026. Learn AusSORA, BVLOS approvals, ReOC requirements and the compliant path. Start training today.

What Does AusSORA Mean for a Drone Licence Australia Applicant?

AusSORA means Australian Specific Operations Risk Assessment. It is the method CASA uses to assess complex remotely piloted aircraft operations under Part 101 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998.

CASA introduced AusSORA as Australia’s adaptation of the JARUS SORA 2.5 framework. It became the required assessment methodology for new SORA-based applications from 13 April 2026. It replaces the earlier TMI 2024-03 arrangements for new applications.

In plain English, AusSORA asks one central question:

Can this specific drone operation be conducted safely, and what evidence proves it?

That question covers the aircraft, people on the ground, other airspace users, pilots, procedures, technology and emergency responses.

AusSORA is not a new personal licence. It is an operational approval framework. Therefore, holding a RePL does not automatically authorise BVLOS or other complex operations.

Why CASA Moved to AusSORA

Drone technology has advanced faster than many traditional operating rules. Modern aircraft can fly long distances, carry large payloads and support automated missions. They can also operate near infrastructure, aerodromes and populated areas.

As a result, a simple checklist is not enough for every mission. A pipeline inspection, a remote-area survey and an urban delivery trial do not create the same risks.

AusSORA gives CASA and operators a more structured way to assess those differences. It also brings Australian approvals closer to the internationally recognised JARUS SORA 2.5 model.

The framework helps CASA assess:

• The risk to people and property on the ground.
• The risk of collision with crewed aircraft.
• The aircraft’s ability to remain within its approved area.
• The reliability of systems and procedures.
• The competence of the people managing the operation.
• The evidence supporting each safety claim.

This approach can create more opportunity for professional operators. However, it also requires better preparation. A weak safety case may delay an application or lead to further CASA questions.

Who Needs AusSORA?

AusSORA may apply when a proposed operation falls outside CASA’s standard operating conditions. The exact requirement depends on the aircraft, location, operating environment and requested approval.

Common examples include:

• BVLOS, or Beyond Visual Line of Sight.
• EVLOS, where trained observers extend the effective visual operating area.
• Operations beyond the normal 120-metre height limit.
• Expanded operations over people or near people.
• Night operations that require more than standard conditions allow.
• Heavy RPA operations.
• Operations near controlled aerodromes or high-risk airspace.
• Long-range infrastructure inspections.
• Automated or highly automated operations.
• Delivery, emergency response or logistics trials.
• Operations in urban, industrial or densely populated areas.
• Other complex Part 101 approvals.

Not every night operation or operation near people automatically requires a full AusSORA application. The conditions matter. Operators should assess the complete mission rather than rely on one feature, such as aircraft weight or flight time.

For a practical introduction to advanced operations, see Ace Aviation’s BVLOS and EVLOS operations training.

RePL, ReOC and AusSORA Are Different

These terms describe different parts of the compliance pathway:

• RePL: Your individual Remote Pilot Licence. It demonstrates that you are qualified to operate specific RPA categories.
• ReOC: The organisation’s Remote Operator’s Certificate. It allows a business or organisation to conduct approved commercial operations under an approved system.
• AusSORA: The risk-assessment method used to support approval for a complex operation.
• CASA approval: The authorisation that permits the specific operation under defined conditions.

A RePL alone is usually enough for operations within standard operating conditions. However, a pilot seeking BVLOS approval will generally need to operate through a ReOC holder and meet the relevant training and approval requirements.

How AusSORA Works

AusSORA can appear technical at first. Its logic becomes clearer when viewed as a sequence of safety questions.

1. Describe the Proposed Operation

The first step is the application description. You must define what you want to do before you calculate risk.

This description normally covers:

• The purpose of the operation.
• Aircraft type, weight and performance.
• Payload and onboard systems.
• Flight geography.
• Contingency and emergency areas.
• Maximum height and distance.
• Operating hours and weather limits.
• Pilot, observer and support roles.
• Communications systems.
• Launch and recovery locations.
• Nearby people, roads, buildings and infrastructure.
• Nearby aerodromes and airspace users.

This information forms the foundation of the safety case. If the proposed operation changes later, the assessment may also need to change.

2. Establish the Intrinsic Ground Risk Class

The intrinsic Ground Risk Class, or iGRC, estimates the starting risk to people and property on the surface.

“Intrinsic” means the initial risk before credit is given for mitigations. The assessment considers factors such as:

• Aircraft size and characteristics.
• Kinetic energy.
• Population density.
• The type of area below the flight path.
• The likelihood of an uncontrolled impact.
• The operational volume and ground risk buffer.

A flight over a remote area will usually begin with a different ground risk profile from a flight over a busy urban location.

The iGRC is not a licence category. It is a starting point for the safety assessment.

3. Mitigate the Ground Risk

Next, the operator identifies measures that reduce the chance or consequence of harm on the ground.

Possible mitigations may include:

• Selecting a less populated route.
• Establishing exclusion zones.
• Scheduling flights when fewer people are present.
• Using trained ground personnel.
• Applying controlled access procedures.
• Improving aircraft reliability.
• Using a tested recovery or parachute system.
• Limiting the operational area.
• Applying emergency landing procedures.
• Reducing aircraft speed, height or energy.

The operator must explain how each mitigation works. A statement such as “the area will be controlled” is not enough by itself.

CASA may expect evidence that the mitigation is practical, repeatable and properly managed.

4. Determine the Air Risk Class

The Air Risk Class, or ARC, considers the likelihood of encountering crewed aircraft.

The assessment may examine:

• The type of airspace.
• Nearby aerodromes and helicopter landing sites.
• Traffic density.
• Typical aircraft routes.
• Altitude and operating profile.
• Time of day.
• Available traffic information.
• Detect-and-avoid capabilities.
• Communication and coordination procedures.

A remote operation in low-traffic airspace may present a different air risk from a mission near a major airport or helicopter corridor.

This is why operators must not treat airspace research as a final administrative step. It can shape the entire concept of operations.

5. Define Containment Requirements

Containment means keeping the RPA within its approved operational volume.

The operator must consider:

• Navigation accuracy.
• Command-and-control link performance.
• Geofencing or route controls.
• Lost-link behaviour.
• Flight termination or recovery systems.
• Contingency procedures.
• Pilot monitoring.
• The size of the contingency volume.

The purpose is to prevent an unexpected deviation from creating a new risk outside the area assessed by CASA.

6. Apply Strategic and Tactical Air-Risk Mitigation

AusSORA also considers how the operator reduces collision risk.

Strategic Mitigation of Air Risk, or SMAR, reduces risk before the flight. Examples include:

• Operating in segregated or reserved airspace.
• Choosing lower-risk routes.
• Coordinating with airspace users.
• Applying time or altitude restrictions.
• Establishing published operating procedures.

Tactical mitigation acts during the flight. It may include:

• Detect-and-avoid equipment.
• Air traffic information.
• Visual observation.
• Radio communication.
• Traffic monitoring.
• Defined avoidance manoeuvres.
• A trained person responsible for traffic awareness.

The required mitigation depends on the ARC and the operation’s wider risk profile.

7. Determine the SAIL

The Specific Assurance and Integrity Level, or SAIL, brings the ground and air risk assessments together.

SAIL levels range from lower to higher assurance requirements. A higher SAIL generally means CASA expects stronger evidence across the operation.

That evidence may relate to:

• Aircraft design and reliability.
• Maintenance systems.
• Pilot competency.
• Operating procedures.
• Command-and-control systems.
• Emergency response.
• Safety management.
• Training and checking.
• Organisational control.

SAIL does not simply describe how dangerous a drone is. It describes the level of assurance needed to show that the proposed operation is safe.

8. Demonstrate the Operational Safety Objectives

The Operational Safety Objectives, or OSOs, are safety objectives linked to the SAIL.

Operators must show how they meet the applicable objectives. Evidence may include:

• Operations manuals.
• Training records.
• Maintenance procedures.
• Aircraft technical information.
• Test reports.
• Competency assessments.
• Communications plans.
• Emergency procedures.
• Safety management records.
• Supplier or manufacturer evidence.

This is where many applications become difficult. An OSO is not satisfied by copying a sentence into a document. The operator must connect the objective to a real system, procedure or piece of evidence.

Key Facts: AusSORA at a Glance

AusSORA Compared with the Older SORA and TMI Pathway

Existing applications may be treated according to CASA’s transition arrangements. Therefore, operators should confirm the applicable process before changing or resubmitting an application.

Step-by-Step: How to Prepare for an AusSORA Application

Step 1: Define the Mission

Write down what you want to do in operational terms. Avoid broad statements such as “we want to conduct BVLOS flights.”

Instead, describe the route, aircraft, height, payload, location, people, airspace and operating hours.

Step 2: Confirm Your Regulatory Starting Point

Check whether the proposed mission fits standard operating conditions.

If it does, a suitable RePL and normal operating procedures may be enough. If it does not, identify the required authorisations and whether a ReOC is needed.

Step 3: Confirm the ReOC Position

A RePL belongs to an individual. A ReOC belongs to an organisation.

If you are starting a commercial drone business, you may need to establish or join a ReOC structure before seeking complex operational approval. The organisation must have suitable procedures, accountable roles and operational control.

Step 4: Appoint the Chief Remote Pilot

The Chief Remote Pilot, or CRP, oversees the organisation’s remote pilot operations.

The CRP may be responsible for:

• Pilot competency.
• Operational authorisations.
• Training and currency.
• Operations manual control.
• Safety procedures.
• Maintenance coordination.
• Incident reporting.
• Compliance monitoring.
• Ensuring flights remain within approved conditions.

The CRP is not simply a name placed on an application. The role requires authority, competence and practical involvement.

Step 5: Build the Concept of Operations

Develop a clear ConOps. It should explain how the mission will work in normal, abnormal and emergency conditions.

A strong ConOps makes the proposed operation easy to understand. It also helps identify missing information before CASA reviews the application.

Step 6: Complete the AusSORA Assessment

Work through the application description, iGRC, ground-risk mitigations, ARC, containment, SMAR, tactical mitigations, SAIL and OSOs.

Keep the logic connected. Each risk should lead to a mitigation. Each mitigation should lead to a procedure or technical control. Each control should have supporting evidence.

Step 7: Collect the Evidence

Create a document register. Typical evidence may include:

• RePL and advanced training records.
• AROC records where radio operations are relevant.
• Aircraft manuals and specifications.
• Maintenance schedules.
• Pilot competency checks.
• Emergency response plans.
• Link-loss and navigation procedures.
• Airspace research.
• Communications plans.
• Observer training records.
• Manufacturer declarations.
• Test and validation results.
• Safety management documents.

Step 8: Review the Application as an Auditor Would

Ask whether another trained person could understand and repeat the operation from the documents.

Check that maps, distances, heights and procedures agree. Confirm that the proposed technology exists and can be maintained. Remove unsupported assumptions.

Step 9: Submit and Respond Carefully

CASA may request clarification or further evidence. Respond to the specific question and update related documents where necessary.

Do not treat a request for information as a reason to add unrelated claims. Clear, controlled responses help maintain confidence in the safety case.

Cost, Timeline and Documentation Realities

There is no single national “AusSORA price”. The cost depends on the operation.

Factors include:

• Aircraft size and complexity.
• Number of aircraft.
• Proposed route length.
• Airspace environment.
• Population density.
• BVLOS technology.
• Detect-and-avoid capability.
• Required trials or validation.
• Existing ReOC maturity.
• Operations manual quality.
• Pilot and observer training.
• External technical or regulatory support.

The approval timeline also varies. CASA assessment time depends on application quality, complexity, workload and the amount of clarification required.

Operators should therefore avoid promises of guaranteed approval dates. They should also avoid preparing the application only days before a commercial contract begins.

A complete document pack is often more valuable than a long document pack. Every page should support the proposed operation.

Common AusSORA Mistakes

1. Writing a Vague ConOps

A ConOps that says “the drone will operate safely in regional areas” does not define the mission.

CASA needs measurable information about routes, altitudes, people, aircraft and procedures.

2. Underestimating Ground Risk

Operators sometimes assume that a rural location has no ground risk. Roads, farms, workers, houses, recreation areas and nearby communities still matter.

Ground risk must be assessed along the full operational area, including contingency areas.

3. Ignoring Airspace and Aerodromes

A remote-looking location may sit near an aerodrome, helicopter route, hospital landing site or restricted area.

Use current aeronautical information and assess the complete airspace environment.

4. Claiming Mitigations Without Evidence

A geofence, parachute, observer or tracking system is not automatically an effective mitigation.

The operator must explain its limitations, maintenance, activation and failure response.

5. Missing OSO Evidence

OSOs require evidence. A list of policies without training records, technical documents or competency checks may not satisfy the assessment.

6. Treating AusSORA as a Paperwork Exercise

AusSORA describes how the operation will actually be conducted.

If the real mission differs from the application, the approval may not protect the operator. Compliance must continue after approval.

7. Forgetting the Human Element

A capable aircraft does not replace a trained pilot. Complex operations require sound decisions under pressure.

That includes weather decisions, lost-link response, airspace awareness, communications and emergency management.

CASA Considerations for Operators

CASA approval is based on the operation presented. It is not a blanket permission to conduct every type of drone flight.

Operators should:

• Read current CASA guidance before applying.
• Use the current AusSORA forms and criteria.
• Confirm whether the operation requires a ReOC.
• Confirm pilot and observer qualifications.
• Check airspace and aerodrome risks.
• Maintain accurate operational records.
• Review the safety case after equipment or route changes.
• Report incidents through the appropriate channels.
• Keep manuals and training records current.

Read CASA’s official guidance on applying for complex drone operations using AusSORA.

Why Skilled Pilots Matter More Under AusSORA

AusSORA increases the importance of practical pilot competence. A safety case may describe the correct action, but a pilot must perform that action during a real mission.

A strong professional pathway may include:

• RePL for individual remote pilot competency.
• AROC for aviation radio procedures.
• BVLOS or EVLOS training for advanced operations.
• Night operations training where relevant.
• Specialised aircraft training for heavy or industrial RPA.
• Chief Remote Pilot training for organisational responsibility.
• Certificate III in Aviation for a broader formal qualification.

Ace Aviation operates under CASA.ReOC.1421 and has trained more than 4,000 students. Its training network extends across Australia, Singapore, Dubai, Korea and Malaysia.

Students can also access the Altitude+ program, which supports ongoing development beyond the initial licence. The DroneWork job board helps qualified pilots connect with commercial opportunities.

Explore the full range of drone pilot training courses or learn more about why operators choose Ace Aviation.

City Training Options Across Australia

AusSORA applies nationally, but local training helps pilots understand the operating environments they may encounter.

Ace Aviation supports students seeking a drone course in:

• Sydney
• Melbourne
• Brisbane
• Perth
• Hobart

Local conditions differ. Sydney and Melbourne may involve dense populations and complex airspace. Brisbane may combine urban, industrial and regional operating areas. Perth often presents large infrastructure and remote-area missions. Hobart operators may work around distinct terrain, weather and coastal conditions.

The licence remains nationally relevant. However, pilots should train for the environments in which they expect to work.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is AusSORA a new drone licence?

No. AusSORA is a risk-assessment and approval methodology. A pilot may still need a RePL, while the organisation may need a ReOC and a specific CASA approval.

2. When did AusSORA become mandatory?

AusSORA became the required methodology for new SORA-based complex operation applications from 13 April 2026.

3. What did AusSORA replace?

For new applications, AusSORA replaced the earlier TMI 2024-03 arrangements used for SORA-based assessments.

4. Do I need AusSORA for every commercial drone job?

No. Many commercial missions can be conducted under standard operating conditions with the appropriate RePL, aircraft category and procedures.

5. Does a RePL allow BVLOS flight?

No. A RePL demonstrates individual pilot competency. BVLOS generally requires additional training, organisational approval and a CASA-approved operational pathway.

6. Do I need a ReOC before applying for BVLOS?

In most commercial cases, yes. CASA’s BVLOS pathway generally involves a ReOC holder, qualified remote pilots and a specific approval supported by a safety case.

7. What is iGRC?

iGRC means Intrinsic Ground Risk Class. It is the starting estimate of risk to people and property on the ground before applying mitigations.

8. What is ARC?

ARC means Air Risk Class. It estimates the risk of encountering crewed aircraft during the proposed operation.

9. What is SAIL?

SAIL means Specific Assurance and Integrity Level. It indicates the level of assurance and evidence required for the combined operational risk.

10. What are OSOs?

OSOs are Operational Safety Objectives. They describe safety outcomes that the operator must demonstrate through procedures, systems, training and evidence.

11. What is SMAR?

SMAR means Strategic Mitigation of Air Risk. It reduces air-collision risk before flight through planning, airspace selection, coordination and operating restrictions.

12. Can AusSORA approve flight above 120 metres?

AusSORA may support an application for operations beyond standard height limits. However, approval depends on the proposed operation, risk assessment and CASA decision.

13. Does night flying always require AusSORA?

No. The exact conditions matter. Some night operations may fit an existing pathway, while others may require a complex approval.

14. Does a heavier drone automatically require AusSORA?

Not automatically. Aircraft weight is one factor. The operating area, people, airspace, aircraft systems and proposed conditions also affect the assessment.

15. How much does an AusSORA application cost?

There is no universal cost. Expenses depend on the aircraft, route, evidence, ReOC status, specialist support and complexity of the operation.

16. How long does CASA approval take?

There is no guaranteed timeframe. The duration depends on application quality, complexity, CASA workload and the amount of further information required.

17. Can I prepare an AusSORA application without specialist help?

Some experienced operators may prepare their own material. However, complex applications benefit from aviation, compliance and safety-case expertise.

18. What training helps with AusSORA operations?

RePL is the foundation. Depending on the mission, pilots may also need AROC, BVLOS or EVLOS, night, specialised aircraft and Chief Remote Pilot training.

19. Does Ace Aviation provide BVLOS support?

Yes. Ace Aviation provides BVLOS and EVLOS training and supports operators with documentation, procedures and CASA approval pathways under a ReOC structure.

20. Is AusSORA relevant outside Australia?

AusSORA is Australia’s framework. It is based on JARUS SORA 2.5, so it uses concepts recognised in international drone safety assessment.

Summary

AusSORA is now central to Australia’s approval pathway for complex drone operations. From 13 April 2026, new SORA-based applications must use the Australian adaptation of JARUS SORA 2.5 instead of the earlier TMI 2024-03 arrangements.

The process begins with a clear operation description. It then assesses ground risk, air risk, containment, mitigation, SAIL and OSOs.

For operators, the key lesson is simple: a drone licence is only one part of professional capability. Complex missions require trained people, strong procedures, suitable technology and evidence that the operation can be managed safely.

Ace Aviation combines CASA-approved training, CASA.ReOC.1421 experience, advanced operational education and career support. With more than 4,000 students trained, a global footprint, Altitude+ benefits and DroneWork opportunities, Ace helps pilots move from licensing towards real operational capability.

Ready to start? Book your training at aaa.edu.au or call 1300 336 366.

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